Adaptive Threshold and Piecewise Fitting for Iris Localisation

Machine vision needs detectors to get features and properties of objects in each image to be used for ensuring the effectiveness of each study conducted. The most recognisable Canny edge detection method aims to lessen noise and eliminate unwanted edge by employing threshold values and hysteresis for localisation advantages. Canny method uses a high threshold and a low threshold to decrease of false positive pixel edges and to describe the contours in the image crucially as compared to use one fixed threshold value for the maximum gradient is not the best option. Nevertheless, using two unchanged threshold values still do not guarantee to provide the best results because the image contains huge variations. Previously, adaptive thresholds have been introduced for specific domain only. Here, a technique to determine the threshold values from the foreground and background image pixels in the global and local image will be used for further analysis. This approach involves partitioning an image into several similar size blocks at multiple resolution levels. Then, a sampling procedure uses on global and local images to acquire the best threshold value by selecting the highest between the class variance values. Finally, piecewise cubic spline will completely segment the boundary for iris and pupil region. Experiments have been done on CASIA V2 datasets. The results show that edge image obtained outperform the Canny method and previous work. Iris localization image obtained also more accurate compared to Hough method

A Comparative Study of Electromagnetic Generator via Finite Element Element Analysis

Energy scavenging from ambient sources is an attractive alternative to batteries because of an almost unlimited lifetime and is environmentally safe

Road crack detection using adaptive multi resolution thresholding techniques

Machine vision is very important for ensuring the success of intelligent transportation systems, particularly in the area of road maintenance. For this reason, many studies had been focusing on automatic image-based crack detection as a replacement for manual inspection that had depended on the specialist’s knowledge and expertise. In the image processing technique, the pre-processing and edge detection stages are important for filtering out noises and in enhancing the quality of the edges in the image. Since threshold is one of the powerful methods used in the edge detection of an image, we have therefore proposed a modified Otsu-Canny Edge Detection Algorithm in the selection of the two threshold values as well as implemented a multi-resolution level fixed partitioning method in the analysis of the global and local threshold values of the image. This is then followed by a statistical measure in selecting the edge image with the best global threshold. This study had utilized the road crack image dataset that were obtained from Crackforest. The results had revealed the proposed method to not only perform better than the conventional Canny edge detection method but had also shown the maximum value derived from the local threshold of 5x5 partitioned image outperforming the other partitioned scales

Solution Manual of Elementary Mathematics (module 8)

One of the most challenging aspects of mathematics learning is to give students suitable examples and exercises which can improve their understanding. This solution manual of Elementary Mathematics is designed to serve as a study guide for engineering students of Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM). The topics are based on the syllabus of Elementary Mathematics teaching in UTeM. The material in this book will cover questions and answers for: Fundamental Concepts of Algebra Complex Numbers Matrices Geometric Coordinates Functions and Graphs Trigonometry Polynomials An excellent student must have an initiative to learn before being taught by lecturers. By using this manual, students can be more prepared before attending a tutorial session. The examples are presented in a sequence of steps with full details so that students can follow systematically

A comprehensive comparative experiment of edge detection for OMR

Optical mark reading (OMR) sheetsare used widely to key in answers for multiple choice questions. Many studies have proposed automated OMR grading systems using the web or mobile devices which capture the OMR images. These captured images go through a few image processing steps to display the grades. Edge detection is one of the steps. This study compares different established edge detection algorithms to detect edges of interest in OMR answer sheets such as bubbles or rectangles containing the bubbles. The compared algorithms are Sobel, Roberts, Prewitt, Canny, and Laplacian of Gaussian (LoG). The experimental results show that LoG has accurately detected the edges in OMR images while Sobel is the least effective. Prewitt and Canny deliver almost similar performances, and Roberts falls second worst to Sobel

Teacher readiness in assessing students for Malay language writing: an exploratory study

This study explores the knowledge, understanding, and mastery of writing skills assessment among Malay language secondary school teachers in Malaysia. A total of 182 respondents from 91 secondary schools from seven different zones in Malaysia were selected using a purposive sampling technique. Survey design with a five-point Likert scale questionnaire instrument used in the study consisted of 117 items related to writing skills assessment. Statistical analysis is explained using standard deviation and mean score. The results of the study indicated that the determinants of the mastery level of writing skills assessment recorded the highest mean (M=3.92, SD=0.494). Then, it is followed by the second construct, which involves the implementation aspects of the evaluation was also rated highly (M=3.91, SD=0.482). The results also showed a significant and positive relationship between all respondents’ knowledge and their understanding of writing assessment implementation and their mastery of writing skills assessment. The findings showed that the role of teachers as school-based appraisers is established and consistent with the guidelines outlined by the Ministry of Education Malaysia. Future research focusing on the implementation of writing skill assessment is suggested to ensure that the evaluation done is systematic and reliable

Road Crack Detection Using Adaptive Multi Resolution Thresholding Techniques

Machine vision is very important for ensuring the success of intelligent transportation systems, particularly in the area of road maintenance. For this reason, many studies had been focusing on automatic image-based crack detection as a replacement for manual inspection that had depended on the specialist's knowledge and expertise. In the image processing technique, the pre-processing and edge detection stages are important for filtering out noises and in enhancing the quality of the edges in the image. Since threshold is one of the powerful methods used in the edge detection of an image, we have therefore proposed a modified Otsu-Canny Edge Detection Algorithm in the selection of the two threshold values as well as implemented a multi-resolution level fixed partitioning method in the analysis of the global and local threshold values of the image. This is then followed by a statistical measure in selecting the edge image with the best global threshold. This study had utilized the road crack image dataset that were obtained from Crackforest. The results had revealed the proposed method to not only perform better than the conventional Canny edge detection method but had also shown the maximum value derived from the local threshold of 5 × 5 partitioned image outperforming the other partitioned scales

Extrema Points Application In Determining Iris Region Of Interest

Extrema points are usually applied to solve everyday problems, for example, to determine the potential of a created tool and for optimisation. In this study, extrema points were used to help determine the region of interest (ROI) for the iris in iris recognition systems. Iris recognitionis an automated method of biometric identification that uses mathematical pattern-recognition techniques on the images of one or both irises of an individual' seyes, where the complex patterns are unique, stable, and can be seen from a distance. In order to obtain accurate results, the iris must be localised correctly. Hence, to address this issue, this paper proposed a method of iris localisation in the case of ideal and non-ideal iris images. In this study, the algorithm was based on finding the classification for the region of interest (ROI) with the help of a Support Vector Machine (SVM) by applying a histogram of grey level values as a descriptor in each region from the region growing technique. The valid ROI was found from the probabilities graph of the SVM obtained by looking at the global minimum conditions determined by a second derivative model in a graph of functions. Furthermore, the model from the global minimum condition values was used in the test phase, and the results showed that the ROI image obtained helped in the elimination of sensitive noise with the involvement of fewer computations, while reserving relevant information

THE SURVEY OF NUMERICAL METHODS APPLICATION IN ENGINEERING EDUCATION

Numerical methods are the study of algorithms for the problems of continuous mathematics in different field including engineering education. The objective of numerical methods is the design and analysis of techniques to give approximate but accurate solutions to hard problems. Ways of computation of numerical methods are either manual or using mathematical software. Manual way of calculation ts hard takes time, and prone to error. Currently, there are mathematical software available in market such as matlab and Maple that are being used in engineering education. However, the limitations with the existing software are that they are expensive, very general and not user-friendly. There are some commands that user needs to learn in order to generate the answer and different software had different command. It becomes difficult when the mathematical problem is complicated Therefore, this research aims to produce mathematical engineering education software that is customized to specific need of students, lecturers, and researchers and more user-friendly. This paper presents a survey of numerical method application in engineering education to find out the most common calculation used by students, lecturers and researchers and to identity their requirements of good numerical methods software. The finding will be used as a basis to develop a numerical methods engineering education software that fulfills the requirement of users